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RulersRulers come in various sizes. Often it is not even important whether a measured rule is used; usually all that is needed is a straight edge, which can be the edge of a ruler as easily as a piece of folded paper. Defined as the shortest distance between two points, there is no geometric proof for straightness. Rather, straight is an axiom, a given, that we often use to create a feeling of precision in drawing. Too often it is overused, but when you need a straight line, there is nothing like a ruler to help you make it.
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There are many different commercially produced straight edge drawing utensils. These range in size from short "mini" rulers to longer yardsticks and beyond. With a right angle lip at the end, we call such a device a t-square. These are used when we need something drawn squarely with a drawing surface like a drafting table or a drawing board. Triangular based rules are produced as "drafting scales." These tools commonly have one edge marked in inches, and others marked to other scaling increments. Fancier models even attach to large swing arms or roll evenly across the drawing surface. Here are some different looking versions of the common "straight edge" drawing tool.
Arguments can be made for or against the metric system. I personally like and prefer the metric system in most cases, but we cannot always have our way. In some parts of the world the English system is standard. With this in mind, here are some common measurement conventions and tips.
The metric system is based on the theoretical diameter of the earth. Once broken into segments, one meter represents one fraction of the spherically calculated distance from a polar cap to the equator. Meters are broken down into ten equal length segments called decimeters, decimeters are broken into ten segments called centimeters (one one hundredth of a meter), and centimeters are broken down into ten millimeters.
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Using the Proper Drawing Angle
When using a pencil with a straight edge, make sure that your point is sharp. Dull pencils can give wide and indeterminate lines. There are also special drafting pens that are designed to be used with straight edges. These pens will typically have a metal or plastic sheath that protects the tip from actually touching the edge of a ruler. Certain types of ruler make are easier to work with for different tasks, here we will deal with flat edged, chiseled edges and beveled or "lip" rulers.
When using a flat edged straight edge, keep pencils pointed into the corner for the straightest line, and keep pens directly upright for the least ink bleed.
Chiseled edged rulers are best for pencils only, and work best then the pencil is held sharply perpendicular to the edge.
Rulers with a lip are generally best for ink.
Using a Straight Edge With a Pen or Brush that Bleeds
To use a ruler with a dip pen or sable brush, place one finger under the forward rim of the straight edge.
By tilting the nib of the pen or furl of the brush across the raised edge of the ruler, a fairly straight line can be drawn or painted.
Note: This is not necessarily a precise method, but it works.